Human Rights Environment
Kia noho au ki toku ano ao
He Pūrongo mō te Uiuitanga mō Aukatitanga e Pāngia ana e ngā Tāngata Whakawhitiira
NGĀ KAUPAPA
1. Kupu Whakataki
2 Horopaki ā Iwi
3. Ngā Tamariki me ngā Taiohi
4. Te Mana Ōrite me te Whakawātea mai i te Aukati
5. Hauora
6. Raraunga
7. Te Ruaruanga Taha Wahine, Taha Tāne
8. Pou Tarāwaho ā Ture
9. Ngā Hua me ngā Taunaki
WHAKARĀPOPOTANGA KAIWHAKAHAERE
I te tau 2006 i whakarewahia e te Kāhui Tika Tangata te uiuitanga tuatahi o te ao katoa nā tētahi whakahaere tika tangata ā motu mō te aukati e pāngia ana e ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira. E toru ngā wāhi i arohia atu e te Uiuinga Taitamatāne, Taitamawahine Hoki: ko ngā whai wāhitanga ki ngā aukatitanga, te urutanga ki ngā ratonga hauora, me ngā āraitanga mai ki te whakaaetanga o te mana whakawā tāne, wahine, hua atu.
Ko te hātepe uiuitanga i aro atu ki te whai wāhitanga me te papanga ki ngā momo tāngata whakawhiti ira whānui. Ka ahu mai ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira mai i ngā wāhanga katoa o te iwi whānui o Aotearoa, a ko te kaha kitea mai o tēnei kanorau te āhuatanga tōtika rawa atu hei wero i ngā whakapae e pēhi nei i ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira.
He tino rerekē te tuakiri tangatatanga me ōna whakaputanga. Ka whakamana tēnei pūrongo i tēnei. Ko te kupu ‘trans’ te kupu kano i tikina hei whakamahi i ngā wāhi e tika ana.
I roto i te tekau mā waru marama i tūtaki te Uiuitanga ki ngā tāngata neke atu i 200 mai i ngā tamariki neke atu i te 11 ō rātau tau, tae noa ki ngā tāngata kei ngā whitu tekau e haere ana. He maha rātau i haere takitahi mai – ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira, ō rātau makau, whānau, hoa me ngā kaimahi. Ko ētahi he māngai nō ngā whakahaere whakawhiti ira, rōpū hapori me ngā uniana. I tuku tono mai anō ngā tohunga hauora, tohunga mātauranga me ngā tari kāwanatanga.
Ko tā te Uiuitanga i kite, ko te whakapau kaha o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira ki te rapu i tētahi ao whai mana mō rātau me te tutuki anō o te maha o ēnei tāngata i tēnei. Engari he maha ngā wā, e kake ai ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira i ngā taiepa whakatūtaki nui, a he patu ngākau hoki i ētahi wā. Ko tā rātau i kōwhiri ai, ehara mō te āhua noho engari ko te whakamanatanga i te tūāpapa o tō rātau tuakiri.
Kāore te Uiuitanga i kimi i tētahi tautuhitanga hou, i ngā tika motuhake rānei mō ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira. Engari i titiro kēhia ko ngā tika e rārangi mai ana i roto i te Whakapuakitanga Whānui o ngā Mana o te Tangata, tētahi wāhanga o te ture tika tangata o te ao me ētahi wāhi o ngā ture ā motu o Aotearoa, me te pātai anō mēnā e whai pānga ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira ki ēnei tika pērā i te nuinga o Aotearoa.
Te horopaki ā iwi
Mai rā anō, i roto i ngā iwi puta i te ao, ngā momo tāngata ka kīa i ēnei rā, he tangata whakawhiti ira. I Aotearoa, kei roto i ngā taunakitanga e kī ana i roto i te ao Māori ō nehe, i whakaaehia ngā whakawāhine, otirā he taunakitanga anō nō ngā whenua o te Moana nui ā Kiwa e whakamana ana i ngā tūranga wāhine ā iwi (pēnei i te fa’afafine i Hāmoa, me te fakaleiti i Tonga) mō ētahi o ngā tāne.
Engari he wā anō i kaha te whakawhiu o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira mō te whakahē i ngā take tikanga paihere, ahakoa matatika, ā ture rānei mō ngā whanonga tōtika mau kaka hoki mō ngā wāhine me ngā tāne.
Ka werowero ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira i te whakaaro mō te tangata i whānau tāne me noho tonu hei tāne, te noho pūmau tonu rānei o te tangata hei tāne, wahine rānei, me te kore aro kia huri rātau ki tētahi ira tuatoru. I ēnei rā, ko ngā take tuakiri ira me ngā tika mō ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira, e kaha te uru haere ki roto i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero mō ngā tika tangata o te ao.
Ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi
Hi tika tō ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi whakawhiti ira kia whakaaehia rātau mō tō rātau āhua tonu, engari e whirinaki ana rātau ki ētahi atu tāngata, ki ō rātau mātua me ō rātau kaiako, kia pūmau ai tonu te tiaki me te mārama ki ēnei tika. Nā te kitenga i ngā taiohi whakawhiti ira, kua mārama ki ngā tauārai i roto i ngā kura, i te mahi, ngā hākinakina, te toro ki ngā ratonga hauora me te whakauru anō hoki ki roto i te hapori. Kei te iwi whānui tonu te kawenga ki te whakarite i ēnei āwangawanga e mana ai ngā tika o ngā tamariki, me ō rātau tika anō mō te mātauranga. He tino kōhukihuki te hiahiatia o ngā pārongo me ngā rauemi mō ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi whakawhiti ira, ō rātau mātua, ō rātau whānau me ō rātau kura.
Te mana ōrite whakawātea mai i te Aukati
Ka whai pānga ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira i roto i Aotearoa ki te aukatitanga e tāmi ai ō rātau kaha ki noho pai ai i roto i te whānau, ki te kimi wāhi noho, ki te mahi, ki te whanake mahi me te whakauru ki roto i te hapori. Ko te mea tino hē rawa, ko te rite tonu o te whakatīwheta me te tūkino. Ia rā ka pā mai ngā uauatanga ki ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira ia rā kia whakaaehia rātau me te mahi i ngā mahi e mahia noahia e ngā tāngata o Aotearoa.
Ko ngā taunakitanga e whakatakotohia ana i roto i tēnei pūrongo he whakaatu i ngā kaupapa maha koretake, arā he kore whakawhiti kōrero me te hunga whakawhiti ira, me te hanga whakatau i runga i te kuare mō ngā pānga ki ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira. Me mātua whai wāhanga te hunga whakawhiti ira ki te hanga whakatau e pā ana ki a rātau. Me mahi tahi ngā tari kāwanatanga me te hunga whakawhiti ira ki te whakatika i ngā mea tuatahi e tautuhia mai i roto i tēnei pūrongo.
Me mātua pūmau te tāwharau i ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira mai i te aukatitanga i raro i te Ture Tika Tangata 1993. Ko te whakaaro a te Uiuitanga mō te wāhanga 21(1)(a) o te Ture Tika Tangata 1993, me whakatika tēnei kia mārama ai te kī ka uru te tuakiri ira ki roto i te tangatatanga.
Hauora
I kitea anō e te Uiuitanga ngā hapa nui me ngā kotititanga i roto i ngā ratonga hauora. Ko ngā ratonga e wātea ana he kore tōtika me te torutoru noa iho o ngā tohunga hauora pūmau e whakarato ana i ēnei. Kāore e taea e te nuinga o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira te whakauru ki ngā ratonga whakatika ira e tika ana kia pai tā rātau noho i roto i tō rātau tuakiri tangatatanga me te ira tangatatanga tōtika.
Kāore te nuinga o ngā ratonga i te wātea i roto i te pūnaha hauora ā iwi, whāia ka riro tonu mā te maha o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira e utu i ngā aromatawai me ngā tirotirotanga tinana i Aotearoa, i tāwahi rānei. He ārai nui te utu o ngā ratonga whakatika ira ki te maha o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira.
He tōtika te hunga whakawhiti ira me ngā tohunga hauora ki te whakatika i ēnei raruraru. Ko te mea tuatahi mai i tēnei Uiuitanga ko te takawaenga a te Kāhui Tika Tangata i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero i waenga i te hunga whakawhiti ira, ngā tohunga hauora me te Manatū Hauora ki te whakatakoto mahere maimoatanga me ngā paearu manaakitanga.
Raraunga
Ka whakamahia e te Uiuitanga te kupu rarauranga hei whakaata i te matenui me te whai wāhitanga ki roto i te iwi whānui. Ko te whānuitanga o tēnei noho me te tūrurutanga o te raraunga ka pā ki ngā āhuatanga nui rawa e toru mō ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira; ko ngā pepa ōkawa e tukuna ana e te Kāwanatanga, te wāhanga o ngā tāngata o Aotearoa i whānau ki tāwahi, me ngā tika e pā ana ki te munatanga.
He tautohe nui kua whakatauhia mō te hunga whakawhiti ira e taea e rātau te tiki i ngā pepa ōkawa e whakaata ana i tō rātau tuakiri tangatatanga. Ko te pānga o ngā ture me ngā kaupapa o te wā, he kore whai wāhi nō te maha o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira ki te tiki i ngā pepa ōkawa e mau ai ngā pārongo tōtika mō tō rātau tuakiri tangatatanga me te ira tangatatanga. Ka taunakihia e te pūrongo kia whakarerekēhia ngā ture o te wā kia māmā ai te whakarerekē i te ira tangatatanga i runga i te tiwhikete whānau, uruwhenua me ētahi atu pepa. Ka kōrero anō te Uiuitanga kia pā anō te paepae ki ngā pepa ōkawa katoa.
Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira kāore i te whakamanahia ō rātau tika muna. Mō te nuinga, ina whākina mai e rātau, ka pā mai te aukatitanga me te mōrearea ki tō rātau haumaru. I kitea e te Uiuitanga ka āhua pai te whakarato a te ture o ēnei rā mō te hunga whakawhiti ira ki te tāpae i ō rātau tika muna mō ngā pārongo whaiaro me te mārama anō o ngā tari e pupuri ana i ēnei pārongo ki ō rātau kawenga mō te tiaki i tēnei. Me whakatika i ngā mahi kotititanga.
Te ruaruanga taha wahine, taha tāne
Ahakoa i whāiti mai ngā ture whakahaere o te Uiuitanga ki te hunga whakawhiti ira, i tukuna e ngā tāngata ruaruanga ngā tono e whakaatu ana i ngā take tika tangata nui. Me mātua aro mai ki ēnei whakaaro me te whakawhiti kōrero anō me ngā tāngata ruaruanga, ō rātau whānau, ngā tari kāwanatanga e tika ana, me ngā tohunga hauora.
Kei reira ētahi take nui e hāngai ana ki ngā tāngata ruaruanga, e pā ana ki ngā hātepe whakaora e whakahaerehia ana ki ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi he āhuatanga whakawhiti ō rātau. He mea tino nui mō ngā tāngata ruaruanga, kia whai wāhi atu rātau ki te katoa o ngā whakaaturanga hauora, me ērā hoki e whakamahia ana hei tūāpapa i te takahuritanga ā ture o te tangatatanga. Nā runga i te koretanga ō ēnei whakaaturanga ka taumaha anō te kore e kitea, te munatanga me te whakamā e pēhi ana i a rātau.
Te pou tarāwaho ā ture
He tino whīwhiwhi me te pōhēhē te pou tarāwaho ā ture e tiaki ana i ngā tika tāngata o te hunga whakawhiti ira. E rua ngā wāhanga i āta hōparatia, ko te pānga ki ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira o ngā wāhanga aukati-kore o te Ture Pire Tika 1990 me te Ture Tika Tangata 1993 me ngā kaupapa ture mō te takahuri ira tangatatanga i runga i te tiwhikite whānau me ētahi atu pepa ōkawa kāwanatanga.
Ko te whakatau a te Uiuitanga ka pai ake te tiakina o te hunga whakawhiti ira e tētahi wāhanga ake mō te tuakiri tangatatanga i roto i te Ture Tika Tangata 1993, e rite tonu, e aukati-kore ana te whakamārama i te ira tangatatanga o te tangata ki roto i ngā ture katoa.
Ngā tauanaki
E whakamana ana i te urutanga tōtika mai o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira ki roto i ngā hanga whakarite e pā ana ki a rātau mā:
- te whakamana me te tautoko i te kaiārahitanga me te māngaitanga o te hunga whakawhiti ira
- e whakapiki ana i te uiuitanga me te whakawhiti kōrero o ngā tari kāwanatanga me te hunga whakawhiti ira, mā ngā mea tuatahi i roto i tēnei pūrongo hei tīmata i tēnei.
Te whakaiti i te aukatitanga me te panatanga e pāngia e te hunga whakawhiti ira mā:
- te āta whakamārama, kia kore e rangirua, ko te whakamarutanga mai i te auakati tangatatanga i roto i te Ture Tika Tangata 1993 kei roto anō i tēnei ko te whakamaru mai i te aukatitanga tuakiri tangatatanga.
- te whakamana i te whakamarutanga mai i te aukatitanga i raro i te Ture Tika Tangata, e hiahiatia ana ngā kaupapa me ngā mahi e uru mai ai te hunga whakawhiti ira, ahakoa tō rātau ira tangatatanga, tuakiri tangatatanga hoki.
- te whakawhanake a te Kōmihanga Tika Tangata me te hunga whakawhiti ira, i tētahi kaupapa mātauranga tika tangata hei whakatika i ngā tika tangata me ngā take aukati mō ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira.
Ko te whakapai ake i te whai wāhitanga o ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira ki ngā ratonga hauora tūmatanui me te whakawhanake i ngā huarahi maimoatanga me ngā paearu manaaki mō ngā ratonga whakatika ira tangatatanga, mā te mahi tahi a te Manatū Hauora me ngā tāngata whakawhiti ira me ngā tohunga hauora.
Ko te whakamāmā i ngā whakaritenga mō te whakarerekē i ngā āmiki tangatatanga i runga i te tiwhikete whānau, uruwhenua me ētahi atu pepa e tōtika ai ki te Ture Tika Tangata mā:
- te whakatika i te wāhanga 28(3)(c)(i)(B) me (C) o Te Ture Rēhita o ngā Whānau, Mate, me ngā Mārena 1995 mā te whakakapi i te paepae ‘physical conformity’ me tētahi whakaritenga ‘e tūturu, e pūmau hoki te noho a te tangata ki roto i te tuakiri tangatatanga i tohua e ia’
- te whakamana i te Kōti Whānau ki te hanga whakapuakitanga mō te ira tangatatanga o ngā tāngata o Aotearoa i whānau mai ki tāwahi.
Te whakaaroaro ki ngā take tika tangata e tika ana e pā ana ki te tangata ruaruanga, mā te whakahaere a te Kāhui Tika Tangata i ngā mahi hōhonu me te tangata ruaruanga me ētahi atu tari kāwanatanga e tika ana.