Footnotes

1 To view a text of the international human rights instruments, visit the website of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights http://www.unhchr.ch/. Most of New Zealand 's human rights obligations are summarised in the Handbook on International Human Rights (2nd ed.) by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade (2003). [Return to chapter]

2 For a full description of the Declaration and a copy of the text, see Kirby (1998). [Return to chapter]

3 The policies of the Health Funds Association of New Zealand can be viewed on www.healthfunds.org.nz and that of the Investment Savings and Insurance Association on www.isi.org.nz. [Return to chapter]

4 The Bioethics Council website emphasises the importance of public participation and invites comment on a number of issues: http://www.bioethics.org.nz. [Return to chapter]

5 A transgenic organism is an animal or plant that has been engineered to contain genes from another species; transgenics means either such organisms or the techniques and study of this process. [Return to chapter]

6 It is recognised that the 'core' national accounts do not meet all needs. Satellite accounts offer a different view and more information while still being consistent with the national accounts. Essentially there are two types of satellite accounts: reorganisation of existing data and provision of additional information (e.g., Tourism Satellite Account); or use of complementary or alternative concepts (e.g., Non-profit Satellite Accounts). In both cases, the satellite account information remains linked to the core framework of the System of National Accounts. [Return to chapter]

7 Hill v IHC NZ Inc and the Health Funding Authority - 6 HRNZ 449 [Return to chapter]

8 Complaint C173/89 Human Rights Commission 22 June, 1989. Sex discrimination - provision of goods and services - women prevented from breastfeeding in a restaurant. [Return to chapter]

9 Complaint C285/93 Human Rights Commission 8 April, 1994. Sex discrimination - provision of goods and services - statement to mother breastfeeding in restaurant that she could feed her baby in another room. [Return to chapter]

10 US Breastfeeding Committee, State Breastfeeding Legislation. [Return to chapter]

11 Breastfeeding Etc. ( Scotland ) Bill, SP Bill 15 - PM, Policy Memorandum. [Return to chapter]

12 In a recent study of 16 children between the ages of 5 and 16 born with cloacal exstrophy, 14 were assigned female sexual, social and legal identity. On the basis of their declared sexual identity, eight declared themselves male, five were living as females, one was living with unclear sexual identity and the two who were raised as male remained male. Six of those who had been assigned female had themselves reassigned as male (Reiner & Gearhart, 2004). [Return to chapter]

13 The international bill of rights is referred to in Chapter 2: The international human rights framework, and includes the UDHR, ICCPR, ICESCR, CEDAW, CERD, CAT, UNCROCand some core ILO conventions. [Return to chapter]

14Toonen v. Australia Communication No. 488/1992, 31 March 1994 , CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992. [Return to chapter]

15 Statement by the New Zealand Representative Clive Pearson, on behalf of Canada and New Zealand, to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights at the 60th session: April 2004. [Return to chapter]

16Re Alex: Hormonal Treatment for Gender Identity Dysphoria [2004] Fam CA 297 ( 13 April 2004 ), para 237.[Return to chapter]

17 Goodwin v United Kingdom (2002) 35 EHRR 447. [Return to chapter]

18 Statistics NZ acknowledges that it is likely that these figures understate the actual number of same sex couples because of the inconsistency in the way people have responded to the census question (Statistics NZ, 1998; 2002). [Return to chapter]

19 University of Otago. (2004). Christchurch Health and Development study. Retrieved from http://www.chmeds.ac.nz/research.  [Return to chapter]